The Emergence of the "Atabeka" and Their Role in the Islamic State of Abbasid Period: Atabek Imad Al-Din Zenki as a Model
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Abstract
This research aims to find out the origin of the emergence of the "Al-Atabika" and their role in serving the Islamic state through uniting its territories and removing the danger of the Crusader invasion from them, by setting the example of Atabek Imad al-Din Zenki, who was the best person who embodied this role. The importance of this study lies in the fact that the period of the emergence of these "Atabeks" was an important period on the political and military levels for the Islamic state, as the region was subjected to the most dangerous Crusader occupation because of which "Al-Quds" was lost for nearly a century, and the importance of the study lies in the fact that it covers a period that has not been studied academically and it is worthy of its importance. The research followed the historical descriptive approach in identifying the most prominent Atabek states that arose in the fifth and sixth centuries AH/eleventh and twelfth century AD, including the Atabek of the Zenkis. Then the research relied on the analytical method in linking the emergence of these "Atabeks" and the great work presented by the Atabek Imad Al-Din Zenki in uniting the Islamic front to confront the Crusader invasion and limiting it in the Islamic East.The study found a number of important results, including that the policy of establishing the "Atabeks" made the Seljuk state a strong state during the rule of the powerful sultans, as it enabled them to expand their influence in the Islamic East as much as the loyalty of these "Atabeks" to their Seljuk masters.
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